The Asklepieion on Kos was one of the most famous in Antiquity. The site was discovered by R. Herzog [1901-1905] at the suggestion of Iakovos Zarraftis, a local antiquarian. The site comprises three unequal terraces connected with monumental staircases. A Doric portico with dormitories for incubation [Enkoimeterion] in its rear part occupies the lowest terrace. A complex of Roman thermae [baths] and public toilets is located eastwards. A monumental retaining wall with built-in fountains divides the two terraces. The middle terrace preserves the 4th c. BC altar, the PriestΆs residence [Abaton], the 3rd c. BC Lesche, the distyle in antis temple of the 2nd c. BC, and the restored Corinthian temple of Apollo of the Roman times. The sizeable 2nd c. BC Doric peripteral temple of Asklepios occupies the upper terrace. The temple was surrounded by a marble portico, which replaced a wooden one of the 3rd c. BC. In 242 BC, the Asklepieion on Kos gained its recognition as an Asylum and established the quinquennial Great Asklepieia Games. The Epigraphic Museum at the eastern part of the archaeological site houses invaluable inscriptions, such as letters, decrees honouring Koan doctors, arbitration of judges, and sacred laws, all of which testify to the sanctuaryΆs Panhellenic significance and refulgence.